Consumers trying to score the best deals online may be facing a moving target as retailers increasingly use dynamic pricing. It's a strategy that adjusts prices based on factors including demand, ...

Abstract: Metaheuristic algorithms have demonstrated strong effectiveness in solving complex real-world optimization problems. This paper presents two discrete metaheuristic approaches for the ...

Abstract: Bilevel optimization, where one optimization problem is inherently nested within another, has gained significant attention due to its extensive applications in machine learning, such as ...